Nanoparticle approaches for manipulating cytokine delivery and neutralization

Summary

This review examines nanoparticle strategies for controlling cytokines—signaling proteins that regulate inflammation and immune tolerance. The authors divide the approaches into two complementary functions: delivery of cytokines (as proteins, DNA, or mRNA) and neutralization of excess cytokines (via nanoparticle–antibody complexes or cell membrane-coated nanoparticles). They also discuss clinical developments and challenges. The significance is that nanoparticles can both enhance desired immune signals and suppress harmful inflammation, offering a unified platform for immune modulation.