Biointerfacing and applications of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles

Summary

This review focuses on how cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles interact with biological systems and how those interactions can be used in medicine. The platform places membrane from a source cell—such as a red blood cell, platelet, or cancer cell—around a synthetic nanoparticle core. Transferred surface components allow the particle to present aspects of the source cell's identity and to engage its environment through naturally evolved molecular interactions. The authors organize applications into three areas: drug delivery, detoxification, and immune modulation. In delivery, membrane functions may influence circulation or localization; in detoxification, the coated particle can act as a decoy for harmful molecules; and in immune applications, the same biological interface can alter recognition or present antigens. The principal contribution is a biointerface-centered framework linking membrane source and cellular behavior to nanoparticle function. This is significant because it treats the coating as an active biological layer rather than passive camouflage. However, the abstract describes a conceptual review and reports no systematic search, quantitative comparisons, or clinical outcomes. It does not establish how completely membrane proteins retain orientation and activity, how source-cell variability affects performance, or how purification, safety, immunogenicity, storage, scale-up, and regulation differ across the three application classes.