Aptamer-encapsulated cellular nanoparticles for neurotoxin neutralization

Summary

This study developed a nanoparticle platform combining DNA aptamers with neuronal cell membrane coatings to neutralize the neurotoxins saxitoxin (STX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX). Six aptamers specific for STX or TTX were encapsulated in metal-organic framework cores and coated with neuronal membranes. The resulting particles exhibited colloidal stability, protected aptamers from degradation, and bound toxins via both membrane receptors and encapsulated aptamers. In vitro assays showed enhanced neutralization compared to membrane-only particles. In mouse models, intravenous administration of the nanoparticles improved survival in both therapeutic and preventative regimens, achieving up to 100% survival at higher doses without acute toxicity. The dual-modal strategy offers a versatile detoxification approach that can be adapted to other small-molecule toxins.